Heat olive oil in soup pot or Dutch oven over medium heat just until shimmering. Sauté onion, celery, and cumin until softened. Add meat and sear until browned all over.
Deglaze pan with rum or wine, cooking until it evaporates. You can use water or broth if you're avoiding all alcohol.
Add water, beans, bay leaves, and chipotle pepper purée (if using) and bring just to a boil, then turn down to simmer. Simmer one hour until meat is tender.
Add potatoes, carrots, and vegetable purée (if using) and simmer until vegetables are fork tender, 30-45 minutes.
Add water 1/4 cup at a time if needed to get the consistency you want.